Nine tips on Double Ninth Festival: Why is it also called Ascending Festival?

  BEIJING, Beijing, October 4 (Reporter Shangguan Yun) The Double Ninth Festival, a traditional festival with a long history in China, has always been highly regarded.

  Cheng Peng, an assistant researcher at the Institute of Literature, Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences, believes that climbing high to enjoy autumn and giving thanks to respect for the elderly are two important themes of the Double Ninth Festival. In addition, there are activities such as sunbathing in autumn, flying kites, eating Chongyang cakes and drinking chrysanthemum wine.

  How did the name of Double Ninth Festival come from?

  Double Ninth Festival is also called Ascending Festival, Double Ninth Festival, Chrysanthemum Festival and so on, which means peace, health and longevity.

Data Map: Double Ninth Festival. People came to the Tengwangge tourist area in Nanchang, Jiangxi, and climbed high to pray. <a target='_blank' href=https://news.cctv.com/2022/10/04/'/'><p class=

  Data Map: Double Ninth Festival. People came to the Tengwangge tourist area in Nanchang, Jiangxi, and climbed high to pray. China News Service reporter Jiang Tao photo

  Regarding the origin of the name of the Double Ninth Festival, Cheng Peng said that in the Book of Changes, the number of "nine" is yang, and the number of "nine nine" is heavy, so it is called "Chongyang"; It is also called "double ninth" because the day and the month all meet nine.

  When can the origin of the festival be traced back?

  According to Cheng Peng, the existing written records about the custom of Double Ninth Festival were first found in Ji Qiu Ji in Lu Chunqiu, which recorded the activities of the ancients in offering sacrifices to the heavenly emperor and ancestors in September.

  According to textual research, the origin of the Double Ninth Festival can be traced back to ancient times, when there were ritual activities of worshipping the gods and ancestors in the season and autumn. In the Han Dynasty, the custom of Chongyang was further popularized.

  Is it related to the ancient ceremony of offering sacrifices to the "fire"?

  It is said that one of the prototypes of the Double Ninth Festival is the ancient ritual of offering sacrifices to the "fire".

  Cheng Peng said that "Fire" (Antares) is the time coordinate used by the ancients to determine the signs of seasonal production and seasonal life. In ancient times, according to the orbit and position of the sun, the moon and the stars, people divided the astrology near the ecliptic into 28 groups, commonly known as "Twenty-eight Hostages".

  In the east, the horn, the horn, the room, the heart, the tail and the dustpan form a complete dragon-shaped astrology (seven nights in black dragon). In the season when the "fire" in the autumn and the autumn retires, people should hold corresponding farewell ceremonies.

Data Map: The picture shows the people expressing their blessings on the Double Ninth Festival according to the Qin ceremony, antique system and traditional Chinese etiquette. <a target='_blank' href=https://news.cctv.com/2022/10/04/'/'><p class=

  Data Map: The picture shows the people expressing their blessings on the Double Ninth Festival according to the Qin ceremony, antique system and traditional Chinese etiquette. China News Service reporter Zhang Tianfu photo

  With the development of society, people have a new understanding of the seasons, and the ceremony of offering sacrifices to Vulcan in September gradually declined.

  How deep is the connotation of the Double Ninth Festival?

  The Double Ninth Festival is a festival with profound connotations. As time goes by, its customs are constantly enriched and developed.

  Cheng Peng explained that the written record of the name "Double Ninth Festival" began in the Three Kingdoms period. During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the festive atmosphere became stronger, and there were written records of chrysanthemum appreciation and drinking customs.

  For example, Tao Yuanming said in the preface to the poem "Nine Days of Idleness": "I am idle and love the name of nine. Autumn chrysanthemum is full of gardens, but it is awkward, and it is empty for Jiuhua, and it is cherished by words. "

  In the Tang Dynasty, the Double Ninth Festival was designated as an official festival. From then on, the court and the people celebrated the Double Ninth Festival together and held various activities during the festival. In the Song Dynasty, the Double Ninth Festival was more lively. The Dream of China in Tokyo recorded the grand occasion of the Double Ninth Festival in the Northern Song Dynasty.

  How did the ancients celebrate the Double Ninth Festival?

  Chongyang can be regarded as one of the landmarks in the transition of autumn and winter in people’s lives, and festival customs are carried out around people’s feelings at this season.

Data Map: Flying kites in Hanfu Girls' Double Ninth Festival. Liu kegeng photo

  Data Map: Flying kites in Hanfu Girls’ Double Ninth Festival. Liu kegeng photo

  It is an important custom of this traditional festival to climb high and look far. Cheng Peng said that the custom of climbing on Chongyang Mountain mainly stems from the climate characteristics at this time and the ancient people’s worship of mountains. In ancient times, there were customs such as climbing to pray for blessings, worshipping gods and ancestors, and drinking and praying for longevity on the Double Ninth Festival.

  In the Qing Dynasty, it was a custom for Beijing to celebrate the Double Ninth Festival by sticking chrysanthemum branches and leaves on doors and windows, "to remove evil and filth to attract good luck".

  What’s so particular about Chongyang cake?

  Chongyang cake is one of the delicacies at this time. It is also called flower cake, chrysanthemum cake and five-color cake, and the system is arbitrary. Cheng Peng said that the exquisite Chongyang cake should be made into nine layers, like a pagoda, with two lambs on it, so as to conform to the meaning of Chongyang (sheep).

  Sometimes, people will put a little red paper flag (instead of cornus) on the Chongyang cake and light candles. Replace the meaning of "climbing" with "lighting a lamp" and "eating cake".

  Nowadays, there are still no fixed varieties of Chongyang cakes, and the soft cakes eaten in various places on the Double Ninth Festival are called Chongyang cakes.

  What is the meaning of chrysanthemum wine?

  In addition to all kinds of cakes, chrysanthemum wine is also popular with people.

Data map: Children and the elderly make Chongyang cakes together. Photo by Meng Delong

  Data map: Children and the elderly make Chongyang cakes together. Photo by Meng Delong

  Cheng Peng introduced that chrysanthemum wine was regarded as an "auspicious wine" for double ninth festival in ancient times. Chrysanthemum wine is a medicinal liquor, with a slightly bitter taste, which can make people clear their eyes and wake up after drinking, and has auspicious meaning of dispelling disasters and praying for blessings.

  Why wear a cornus?

  Cheng Peng said that among the many customs of the Double Ninth Festival, the custom of inserting Evodia rutaecarpa is relatively widespread, which is mainly popular in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, Huaihe River and Yangtze River Basin.

  Evodia rutaecarpa and chrysanthemum morifolium were very common in the Tang Dynasty. It is said that cornus has a strong fragrance, which has the functions of improving eyesight and refreshing brain, and can eliminate food stagnation and treat cold and heat.

  The ancients believed that climbing a mountain and inserting dogwood on the Double Ninth Festival could drive away insects, damp and wind evil. So he put cornus on his arm or ground it in a sachet, and put it in his head. Most of them are worn by women and children, and men in some places also wear them.

  How can traditional festivals be passed down?

  The ancients had the custom of feasting and praying for longevity on the Double Ninth Festival, which pinned people’s wishes for the health and longevity of the elderly, while activities such as climbing mountains and flying paper kites also reflected people’s wishes for health and longevity.

  Cheng Peng said that now the Double Ninth Festival is also a festival for the elderly, which is endowed with the connotation of respecting the elderly. The inheritance of festivals should not only follow the cultural core of ancient customs, but also conform to contemporary values.

  He believes that feasting for the elderly, drinking and praying for longevity, or taking the elderly to climb mountains appropriately, enjoying chrysanthemums, drinking chrysanthemum tea or chrysanthemum wine, eating Chongyang cake, etc. are all important forms of inheriting the custom of Chongyang. (End)

Jiangxi will deploy the "governor’s mobile phone" and "governor’s mailbox" to open.

  Xinhuanet Nanchang, August 19 (Reporter Li Xingwen) Facing the ardent expectations of the masses, the Jiangxi provincial government made it clear on the 19th that it will open the "Governor’s Mailbox" as soon as possible on the basis of the early announcement of the "Governor’s Mobile Phone", and this channel for accepting people’s livelihood demands will be extended to 99 counties (cities, districts) and relevant provincial units, forming a three-level network of people’s voice channels at the provincial, city and county levels, and listening to people’s voices on the spot nearby.


  This is what the reporter learned from the working meeting of opening "provincial (city) long mobile phones and mailboxes" in Jiangxi Province held in Nanchang on the 19th.


  At the beginning of August, Jiangxi announced two "governor’s mobile phone" numbers and 11 "mayor’s mobile phone" numbers, which were specially used to receive reports of illegal affordable housing and low-rent housing. Unexpectedly, a large number of calls came in at the same time, which once caused the channels of the two "governor’s mobile phones to be blocked, and the staff responsible for answering and recording the calls were overwhelmed, and the two phones became a veritable" people’s livelihood hotline ".


  Wu Xinxiong, governor of Jiangxi Province, said that people’s enthusiastic calls are a trust in the "governor’s mobile phone" announced by Jiangxi Province, and the government can also grasp social conditions and public opinion in time through this channel and take effective measures to improve its work. In order to further broaden the channels of people’s voices, better understand people’s feelings, observe people’s opinions, relieve people’s difficulties, strengthen supervision over the implementation of major policies and measures at the grassroots level, and promote the openness of government affairs, on the basis of previous work, on the 19th, the Jiangxi provincial government again introduced measures to ensure the effective operation of the "governor’s mobile phone" and "governor’s mailbox".


  These measures include: adhering to the principle of linkage between provinces, cities and relevant departments to accept appeals. The Jiangxi provincial government requires that 99 counties (cities, districts) and relevant provincial units in the province should promptly open "city (county) long mobile phones and mailboxes" and "department (bureau) long mobile phones and mailboxes" to form a three-level network of people’s voices at the provincial, city and county levels, with communication and coordination, and listen to people’s voices nearby.


  Adhere to the principle of territorial responsibility for handling the problems reflected by the masses for approval and feedback. The Jiangxi provincial government requires that the problems reflected by the masses to the "provincial (city) long mobile phones and mailboxes" should be implemented in accordance with the principle of "who is in charge and who is responsible". The location of the responsibility should be handled according to the responsibilities, and all relevant departments should work together to promote it, and should not be perfunctory and buck passing.


  Adhere to the principle of investigation and verification, handling and publishing, and give feedback to the masses. The Jiangxi provincial government requires all localities and departments to seriously investigate and deal with the problems reflected by the masses, answer the phone calls that can be answered on the spot, answer the general questions on the same day, answer the general questions that need to be investigated and verified within 10 days, and answer the major questions within two months in accordance with the relevant regulations on letters and visits, so as to ensure that all the pieces are managed and answered.


  As of August 18th, Jiangxi "Governor’s Mobile Phone" received a total of 6,044 calls, including 961 calls about affordable housing and low-rent housing, accounting for about 16% of the total calls, and 5,083 calls about civil disputes, social security, employment and other issues, accounting for about 84% of the total calls. For a large number of calls from the masses, the staff have carefully recorded, classified and filed.


  Tan Xiaolin, Secretary-General of Jiangxi Provincial Government, said that in order to solve the problem that a large number of incoming calls blocked the channel, the Jiangxi Provincial Government decided to use the network platform and technical support of local mobile companies to open the "Governor’s Mobile Phone" and "Governor’s Mailbox" which integrates incoming calls, mobile phone text messages and emails in the near future, specifically to handle people’s demands.


  It is understood that the Jiangxi Provincial Bureau of Letters and Calls will arrange a special person to be responsible for the answering, registration and classification of the "governor’s mobile phone" and "governor’s mailbox". The construction department will be responsible for problems involving low-rent housing and affordable housing, and the petition department will be responsible for the transfer, supervision, feedback and reporting of other people’s livelihood demands; The discipline inspection and supervision department will strengthen supervision and inspection, and be responsible for the supervision of the implementation of central and provincial policies and the investigation and handling of violations of laws and regulations.

Editor: Han Yan

Lovely animals and gorgeous flowers in shenzhen safari park set each other off.

Shenzhen News Network March 1, 2024(Reporter Zhu Weiming correspondent Li Musheng) In the spring of March, flowers bloom and animals love flowers. On March 1st, the reporter learned from shenzhen safari park that the keepers of the park have arranged flowers in some animal homes. When lovely animals meet gorgeous flowers, the strange spots on the animals and the colorful flowers set each other off.
In Golden Monkey Island, zookeepers hang bundles of flowers at suitable heights or insert them on branches. Sichuan golden monkey is full of curiosity about flowers, and they come forward to accept flowers as gifts and appreciate them carefully. The scene is very interesting. The golden-haired Sichuan golden monkey and the bright colors of the flowers set off each other, and there is a unique scene.
Compared with Sichuan golden monkey, ring-tailed lemur’s coat color is not so beautiful, but ring-tailed lemur has a unique long tail with more than 10 black and white rings. Ring-tailed lemurs like flowers as much as Sichuan golden monkeys. Faced with the flowers sent by the breeders, they swarmed and picked them up and couldn’t put them down. At one time, two monkeys held flowers face to face at the same time, or had a "kiss" to stage a warm moment of "sending flowers to express deep love" in the animal kingdom.
Peacocks are in the courtship season, and male peacocks compete to win the "heart" of female peacocks. When proud as a peacock meets flowers, it forms a beautiful and interesting picture.
The zoo keeper introduced that flowers were sent to animals, and the pedicels were strung with raisins, apple pieces, banana slices and other foods. Peanuts, nuts and red dates were hidden in the flowers. These measures make animals feel fresh, bring infinite vitality to animals and keep their foraging ability and interest. This is "animal abundance".
(This article is courtesy of shenzhen safari park) Source: Shenzhen News Network
Reporting/feedback

Autumn in Xi ‘an, yes! More! Beautiful!

All say
As soon as autumn comes, Xi ‘an becomes Chang ‘an.
Autumn wind blows weishui.
Fallen leaves cover Chang ‘an.
How beautiful is autumn in Xi ‘an?
Soaring incense penetrated Chang ‘an.
Curse of the Golden Flower
Xi’ an release
# Xi ‘an at a glance for thousands of years, Guanyin Temple ginkgo yellow # Chang ‘an # Tang # What should autumn look like # Ginkgo Ginkgo
Video number
Golden ginkgo
Chrysanthemums full of branches
Dress up the ancient city
On October 26, 2020, the ginkgo tree was live.
After rain the empty mountain, stands autumnal in the evening.
now
Damei Qinling Mountain is particularly charming.
The autumn colors in Qinling Mountains are colorful.
Blue sky, clear water, red maple, pine and yellow leaves …
Nature’s uncanny workmanship
It’s fascinating
Autumn colors in Xi ‘an
Hidden in the artistic conception of mountains and rivers
01
Cuihuashan tourism scenic spot
"A good scene in a year must be remembered, especially when it is orange, yellow and green."
On the rolling hills of the west peak of Cuihua
Various colors dot the mountains.
Very lively
The autumn wind blows at first, and the mountains are everywhere.
Lakes and mountains, blue waves rippling.
02
Taiping National Forest Park
Watch the red leaves and enjoy the autumn rhyme
Looking at autumn waters and falling in love with jade waterfalls
la fin de l’automne
over here
Step on the golden leaves and see the red maple.
Along the road, the peaks are steep and the rocks are rugged.
Have a panoramic view of the Qinling Mountains.
03
Suzaku National Forest Park
The sunlight is interlaced among the leaves.
Colors are jumping on the branches
Clusters of red, yellow everywhere.
tier upon tier
Deliberately dizzy the forest of dyeing and finishing
Autumn in Suzaku Scenic Area
There is a secret Zen.
04
Nanwutai scenic spot
South Wutai in October
Various colors are dotted in the mountains and layered on top of each other.
When the autumn wind blows
The mountain peaks are exposed in the fog deeply or shallowly.
Present the beauty like a fairyland.
over here
As Keith Klein said,
"Color is a poetic language."
Autumn scenery in Xi ‘an.
Precipitated in the literary temperament
Xi’an Jiaotong University
Autumn in Jiaotong University is a burning red maple tree.
It’s golden sycamore road.
The maple leaves are red and the osmanthus trees are fragrant.
take a deep breath
The air on campus is sweet.
Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology
Jianda’s ginkgo is super beautiful.
The ginkgo trees inside are very big.
It’s spectacular in autumn.
Between the historically infiltrated building communities
Autumn wind sends cool.
Shaanxi Normal University
Autumn in Normal University
Hide between buildings
Parthenocissus on the wall of the old normal university in summer
In a blink of an eye, it has been changed by the autumn wind.
Summer has become a story.
Autumn has become a scene of students talking and laughing.
Xi ‘an Academy of Fine Arts
Autumn in the Academy of Fine Arts is full of poetry and painting.
Autumn colors are reflected in the lake.
shui bo bu jing
Maple leaves gently beat the thoughts.
On the campus of the Academy of Fine Arts
Thick and light.
Autumn in Xi ‘an
Engraved in historical time
Guguanyin temple
In late autumn
Ginkgo biloba leaves fell all over the floor
Like a golden blanket.
Come to Guanyin Temple to see the most beautiful autumn.
Feel the beauty at the foot of Zhongnanshan Mountain.
Tangda Jionji Ruins Park
Every autumn
More than a hundred ginkgo trees in the park gradually turned yellow.
Yellow leaves on the ground
The sun shines down.
As if time stood still.
Huangcheng Park
Stand on the wall and enjoy the ginkgo in the park around the city.
Sunlight penetrates the branches and leaves.
The leaves are crystal clear
Brilliant, golden.
"Autumn is better than spring"
Autumn in Xi ‘an
Thick and colorful
Gorgeous but not vulgar
Immersed and smart
This weekend
Meet the most beautiful autumn scenery in Xi’ an
Reporting/feedback

What are the traditional customs of Lantern Festival? What is the meaning of Lantern Festival? What are the implications?

In the first month, the first month is the first month, and the fifteenth day of the first month is full of lanterns. Lantern Festival is the night of the first full moon in the New Year. It is a day when lanterns are the custom and dragons and lions are danced. It is also one of the most important folk festivals. On what date is the holiday on the fifteenth day of the first month of this year?

What are the traditional customs of Lantern Festival?

  Step 1 eat yuanxiao

  Eating Yuanxiao on the fifteenth day of the first month is a long-standing custom in China. Yuanxiao is called "Tangyuan", and its ingredients and flavors are different, but eating Yuanxiao represents the same meaning: it represents reunion and beauty, and the days are getting more and more prosperous. As the saying goes, "Harmony makes money" shows how important family harmony and family reunion are to a complete family. Therefore, we must eat "Yuanxiao" with our families on the Lantern Festival. What’s the difference between Yuanxiao and Tangyuan?

  2. Decorate with lanterns

  Since the Lantern Festival custom was formed, it has been a great event for thousands of years to watch the lanterns with 15 lanterns in the first month. On this night, countless people played and watched the lights. Everyone stayed up all night, having fun and being very lively.

  3. solve riddles on the lanterns

  "solve riddles on the lanterns", also known as "playing riddles", is a Lantern Festival activity added after the Southern Song Dynasty. Lantern riddles first developed from riddles, which hung from lamps for people to guess and shoot, and began in the Southern Song Dynasty. Because riddles are enlightening and interesting, they are welcomed by all walks of life.

  Step 4 play dragon lantern

  Playing dragon lantern, also known as dragon lantern or dragon dance. Its origin can be traced back to ancient times. Legend has it that as early as the Yellow Emperor, in a large-scale song and dance called "Qingjiao", there was an image of a leading bird played by a man, and then a dance scene with six dragons interspersed with each other was arranged.

  Step 5 walk on stilts

  Walking on stilts is a popular folk mass performance. Stilts originally belong to one of the hundreds of ancient dramas in China, which appeared as early as the Spring and Autumn Period.

  6. lion dance

  "Lion Dance", also known as "Lion Dance" and "Peace Music", is usually performed by three people: one acts as the lion’s head, the other acts as the lion’s body and hind feet, and the other acts as the lion leader. There are also civil and military dances. The literary dance shows the gentleness of the lion, and there are actions such as shaking hair and rolling. Martial lion shows the fierceness of the lion, including prancing, pushing high and rolling colored balls.

  7. walking away from all diseases

  Walking away from all diseases is a custom in the north since the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is also called walking away from all diseases, dispersing all diseases, baking all diseases, walking on bridges, etc. It is an activity to eliminate disasters and pray for health. On the night of Lantern Festival, women meet and travel together, and when they see a bridge, they must cross it, thinking that this can cure diseases and prolong life.

  8. Rat by rat

  This activity is mainly for sericulture families. Because rats often eat silkworms in large areas at night. It is said that on the fifteenth day of the first month, the mouse can be fed rice porridge, so it can stop eating silkworms. As a result, these people cooked a large pot of sticky porridge on the fifteenth day of the first month, and some of them covered it with a layer of meat. They put the porridge in a bowl and put it in the ceiling, corner and mouth where mice were infested, cursing the mice that they would not die a natural death if they ate silkworm babies again.

  9. Sacrifice doors and households

  In ancient times, there were "seven sacrifices", which were two of them. The method of sacrifice is to insert poplar branches above the door, insert a pair of chopsticks in a bowl filled with bean porridge, or put wine and meat directly in front of the door.

What does Lantern Festival mean?

  Lantern Festival is a folk activity in China, which originated in the Han Dynasty. The first month is the first month of the lunar calendar. The ancients called the night "Xiao", so they called the fifteenth day of the first month the Lantern Festival. The 15th day of the first month is the night of the first full moon in a year, and it is also the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty. On the night in spring returns, people celebrate this and celebrate the continuation of the Spring Festival. Lantern Festival is also called "Shangyuan Festival". The origin of the Lantern Festival

  Lantern Festival in a broad sense refers to various activities to celebrate the Lantern Festival.

What’s the sign of Lantern Festival?

  In fact, the meaning of Lantern Festival is similar to that of Chinese New Year, so let’s have a lively reunion! Only after the Lantern Festival, the students have to go back to class, so the Lantern Festival is probably the last time for the student party to play in the winter vacation. Now, many people also feel that the taste of festivals is getting weaker and weaker, but Xiao Bian feels that as long as the family is reunited, every day is a festival.

Editor in charge: Ke Jinding

On June 1 ST, let’s talk about those "dangerous things" about children

Every parent attaches great importance to the healthy growth of children. They will be very careful in eating, wearing and using. Today is Children’s Day, so let’s talk about the "dangerous things" about children.

Toy articles

Children can’t grow up without toys, such as dolls, building blocks and water guns, but not all toys are safe and reliable. Recently, China Consumers Association invited experts from the Secretariat of the National Toy Standardization Committee to analyze and sort out the injuries caused by common dangerous toys, and listed the magnetic beads that have been selling well around online e-commerce and schools and kindergartens in recent years (if children swallow two or more, they will attract each other in the digestive system and exert pressure on the intestinal wall). Among them, the most common dangerous toy injuries are mechanical physical injuries, chemical injuries and injuries caused by playing non-toy products by mistake.

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1. Small toy parts are easy to fall off and there is danger of swallowing and suffocation.

Small ornaments and accessories, such as buttons and marbles, which are easy to fall off in some unqualified toys, are easy to be swallowed by young children or stuffed into their nostrils, resulting in the risk of swallowing foreign bodies and suffocation.

For example, toys with marbles that are easy to fall off, magnetic beads, etc. Children who swallow two or more powerful magnets or strong magnets and other ferromagnetic objects (iron, cobalt and nickel) will be absorbed by another magnet (or ferromagnetic object) in the digestive system and exert pressure on the intestinal wall, which may cause gastrointestinal perforation or intestinal obstruction, and may be life-threatening in severe cases. In many cases, these magnetic components need to be removed by surgery, which will cause permanent damage to children’s digestive tract.

2, toys are dangerous, sharp edges are dangerous to puncture.

Some inferior toys have sharp edges, sharp points, rough burrs and other protrusions on the surface, or the toy structure is fragile, forming sharp small parts, which are very easy to stab children.

For example, some products of fingertip gyroscopes have sharp edges and sharp tips that can be touched, which may cause injuries such as scratches and pricks. Bouncing frog toys are made of thin iron sheets and contain dangerous sharp edges.

3. There is a danger of chemical pollution when toys are made of inferior materials.

Common ones are plush toys filled with unsterilized waste materials, colorful colored mud, dolls made of inferior plastics, etc. Their sanitary conditions and the migration of chemical harmful substances all pose potential dangers to children’s health.

For example, the "crystal mud" sold well in small shops around the school, some of which contain more than a certain amount of borax, may enter the human body through children’s oral and skin contact, and chronic poisoning may occur.

4. Non-toy products are mistakenly used as toys, resulting in injuries.

Children are naturally active and will use some items in daily life as toys. This kind of improper use hides great danger. For example, children’s misuse of the "laser pointer" leads to vision loss, and another typical misuse case is water sprite, also known as sea baby, bubble bead and water-absorbing bullet. This material is used for water conservation in potted plants, indoor decoration and so on. It may be mistaken for food by children, leading to swallowing or inhalation by children, suffocation, intestinal obstruction, intestinal dilatation, secondary infection, water and electrolyte disorder, and even intestinal perforation and necrosis, which may be life-threatening at any time.

5. Don’t buy and use toys according to their age.

Children of different ages have great differences in physical development and cognitive ability. Therefore, it may pose a threat to children’s safety to choose suitable products according to their age and violate the applicable age limit.

Game article

It is children’s nature to love to play. Parents playing games with their children can promote parent-child relationship, but some games have hidden risks and even threaten children’s lives. Recently, Ding Zongyi, an expert on children’s accidents and honorary president of Bayi Children’s Hospital affiliated to Army General Hospital, reminded that it is best not to play the following games with children.

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Throwing connection

Some parents like to throw their children into the air and catch them, which makes them happy. Ding Zongyi said that infants’ limbs and organs are immature, and this kind of game can easily cause harm to children. After the child is thrown up, it falls quickly and receives a great impact. The undeveloped brain tissue and the hard skull touch each other, which is likely to cause subarachnoid hemorrhage. This kind of brain damage is often not discovered by parents, and it will have a negative impact on the child’s intellectual development in the future.

"Swing" and "Pulling Radish"

Some parents will play "swinging" and "pulling radish" by holding their children’s hands or necks, thinking that it can promote their growth. Ding Zongyi said that growing up is the result of the division and proliferation of bone cells, and these two games only mechanically pull muscles and joints, so the height will not change. When the child’s head is pulled upward, the cervical vertebra may be pulled and even paraplegia may be caused; Playing "swinging" may cause dislocation or fracture of joints.

forward roll

This is a bed game that many children like to play before going to bed. Parents often think that mattresses are soft and will not hurt their children. However, in Ding Zongyi’s view, only through special training can this movement accurately grasp the technical points. Children of several years old do not have strong control over posture, and their limbs curl up and their center of gravity changes constantly during the rollover. Once they make mistakes, their cervical vertebrae and limbs are easily injured.

Riding on the neck

We can often see some fathers riding their children around their necks to see the scenery in the streets or parks. Ding Zongyi believes that it is worth encouraging parents to accompany their children to travel, but they should pay attention to the way of accompanying them. Children riding on their parents’ necks have a high position, unstable center of gravity, and are easily attracted by distant scenery, and may be distracted, unstable and fall. Therefore, in crowded places, parents should hold their children’s hands or hold them up instead of riding their necks.

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Some parents like to play head-to-head games with their children. According to the analysis of Dante Zongyi, the fontanel of the child has not been completely closed. In the process of pushing the head, the external force is applied to the head, and the intracranial pressure increases, which will affect the brain development to a certain extent. In the game, it is not easy for parents to master the strength and direction of force, which is likely to cause injuries such as cervical spine damage and retinal detachment.

Eating articles

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Two or three-year-old children, even if they don’t stumble when they are just toddlers, always fall in all kinds of fancy ways, which makes their parents doubt life in minutes.

If you are in a hurry and suddenly run, you will definitely fall. However, if you are eating when you run, and you still have sharp or fragile things in your hands, or chopsticks and spoons in your mouth, it is really too dangerous.

For example, a 3-year-old boy in Wuhan fell with a bowl while eating, and his stomach was cut open by fragments of a porcelain bowl, and his small intestine was nearly 60 cm long outside the abdominal cavity.

For example, a 2-year-old boy is running around the living room with chopsticks, and his grandmother is chasing him to feed. Hearing grandma say "grandma is going to catch up", he hurried to speed up the pace, and as a result, he fell face down to the ground, and chopsticks were inserted into his mouth alive. Chopsticks are inserted into the body for about 12cm, and the surrounding tissues are squeezed, resulting in the displacement of occipital artery, and the chopsticks are very close to carotid sheath, only 2mm, but the chopsticks do not directly stab the carotid artery.

Accidents like this are too numerous to mention. Therefore, parents must take good care of their children.

1. Set good rules when eating, and don’t run around casually.

2. Don’t give children chopsticks, spoons, forks and other tableware and knives as toys, especially when children are walking and playing, remember not to hold sharp objects.

3. When choosing tableware, try not to use porcelain bowls, glass bowls, stainless steel bowls and other fragile and scalding tableware for children to eat. It is best to choose plastic bowls and chopsticks with suction cups at the bottom, and suck them on the table without moving them to prevent cuts and burns.

4. Children under 5 years old have poor dental development and chewing ability. Try not to put nuts (peanuts, melon seeds, cashews) and other foods at home. Or children must be careful not to chase, laugh and play when eating, and not to play with food or toys in their mouths.

5. In the event of an accident of foreign body insertion, parents must be calm, do not pull out the foreign body without authorization, keep the foreign body inactive to prevent secondary injury, and then go to the hospital as soon as possible.

You can do this if you encounter an accident.

Being active is a child’s nature. In life, accidents such as bumps, scratches, sprains and animal bites may occur. Especially in summer, the clothes on the body are reduced, and a large area of skin is exposed outside, and the chance of injury will increase. How to deal with such an unexpected situation and what should you pay attention to? It is necessary to master some first aid methods.

Do not use alcohol and mercurochrome for scratches and cuts.

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Scratches on the left and cuts on the right.

Children like to jump and run around, and it is easy to scratch or cut. When this happens, don’t use alcohol, mercurochrome or purple syrup to treat the wound.

Although alcohol has strong bactericidal ability, it also has strong irritation. For the damaged tissue, it is not appropriate to disinfect it directly with alcohol, but only for the skin around the wound. And mercurochrome is not recommended, because mercurochrome is 2% mercury bromide red water solution, and people who are allergic to mercury may also cause contact dermatitis due to the use of mercurochrome. In addition, the color of the wound treated with red syrup and purple syrup often covers up the injury. If you go to see a doctor, the doctor will deal with it first, which will cause secondary pain to the child.

So what is the correct way to deal with it? When you encounter a scratch, you should first wash the wound with flowing water to wash out the foreign body in the wound. Then disinfect with iodophor, and then wrap it with medical gauze. If it is in summer, you don’t need to wrap it in gauze.

If the wound is deep and accompanied by bleeding, hemostasis measures should be taken and the bandage should be tight. See a doctor immediately afterwards.

Don’t scribble toothpaste and sesame oil on burns.

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Three grades of burns and scalds

Burns are divided into three grades, and it is more helpful to recognize the grades of burns for first aid. First degree scald, obvious pain, no edema and red skin. Second degree scald, blister formation, local wetness and pain. Third degree scald, local dryness, brown skin and no pain.

When the child accidentally burns, he should quickly avoid the heat source, and then rinse the burned area with cold water for about 15 minutes. If the scald area is relatively large and the pain is obvious, it can be soaked in water for 15-30 minutes. If it is a facial burn, you can use water of about 20℃ for cold compress.

Secondly, after flushing, cut the clothes on the injured part to avoid making the injured part worse. Then gently cover the injured area with clean gauze. In addition, the range that everyone can cover with one hand is 1% of the whole body. If the burn area is within 1% of the first degree burn, it can be treated with scald medicine and observed at home. If the burn area exceeds 1%, no matter how many burns, it needs to be sent to the nearest hospital. Don’t deal with scalded blisters by yourself.

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Five tips for dealing with burns: washing, taking off, soaking, covering and sending.

Special reminder is, don’t smear toothpaste, soy sauce, vegetable oil and other folk prescription items in everyone’s mouth. Applying these things will only aggravate the condition. In addition, ice water and ice compress are absolutely not allowed.

Don’t touch the injured part when spraining.

7.jpg

If the child is accidentally sprained, the injured part should be laid flat first, and it should not be stressed. When the pain is relieved, let the child gently twist the injured part. If you move, it means soft tissue injury. If you can’t move, consider it a fracture. At this time, it is necessary to use a small board or a thicker book to fix the injured part.

If the fracture site bleeds, it needs to stop bleeding. Tighten the upper part of the wound blood vessel with gauze, and take the child to see a doctor immediately after simple treatment.

Don’t miss the 24-hour golden vaccination period for pet bites.

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Children naturally like cats and dogs. Although pets are docile now, they should not be careless. If a child is bitten by a pet, in addition to local soft tissue and muscle damage, it is even more frightening to be afraid of rabies.

If you are bitten by a pet and bleed, first of all, don’t stop bleeding. Rinse with tap water to wash away some bacteria and pathogens left in the wound as much as possible. Then the sooner you get rabies vaccine, the better. Don’t miss the 24-hour golden vaccination period.

If it is licked by a pet, observe the licked skin and see if there is any wound. If there is, you need to get rabies vaccine at the first time. In addition, the process of rabies vaccine injection is divided into five needles, which are the first day, the third day, the seventh day, the fourteenth day and the thirtieth day, a total of five times. After five shots of vaccine, you can effectively protect your body.

Don’t let the child look up with a nosebleed.

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Correct treatment of nosebleeds: lean forward and twist your nose.

For children with nosebleeds, don’t let them look up or raise their arms on the opposite side. The correct way should be to lean forward and twist your nose for 3-5 minutes to see if it stops. If it doesn’t stop, knead it in the same position for another 3-5 minutes.

If nosebleeds repeatedly, you should go to a doctor to see if it is caused by vascular malformation or other diseases.

Don’t beat your chest if you swallow a foreign body.

Foreign bodies in trachea are more likely to occur in young children. Because the epiglottic cartilage of children’s trachea and food is immature and its function is not perfect. Plus, children are curious about everything, and it is easy to put small things in their mouths.

When a child accidentally eats a foreign body, the airway is obstructed. Parents should sit down and let the child lie prone on their parents’ legs, with the upper chest and head hanging down. Parents should fix the child with one hand and pat the back between the two shoulder blades with the other hand to cough up foreign bodies in the airway.

If you are a big child, you can also use standing posture. Hold the child’s abdomen from behind, encircle his waist and abdomen with his arms, make a fist with one hand, and press the heart of the fist inward between the victim’s navel and ribs; Press the other hand on the fist, and squeeze both hands inward and upward rapidly and forcefully, repeatedly until the obstruction is spit out.

Source: Beijing Morning Post, China Women’s Daily, The Paper, Chutian Metropolis Daily WeChat WeChat official account.

[Disclaimer] The texts, pictures, audio and video that are not marked with "Source: Upstream News-chongqing morning post" or "Upstream News LOGO" on the upstream news client are all reposted. If the reposted manuscript involves copyright issues, please contact the upstream news.

Zotye Auto: The pre-loss of net profit in 2023 is 750 million yuan to 900 million yuan. Seven lawsuits have not yet been decided.

  On January 29th, Zotye Motor announced its pre-loss performance, showing that in 2023, the company’s net loss was 750 million yuan to 900 million yuan.

  According to the announcement, compared with 2022, the company’s vehicle sales revenue increased in 2023, but the income of auto parts and door industry decreased due to the market environment. At the same time, the company plans to make provision for asset impairment and bad debts totaling about 300 million yuan to 400 million yuan.

  The company’s third quarterly report in 2023 shows that Zotye Motor lost 447 million yuan in the first three quarters of 2023, which means that the company’s single-quarter loss in the fourth quarter reached 300 million yuan to 450 million yuan. It is worth noting that since 2024, Zotye’s share price has fallen by over 16%.

  In addition, at the beginning of 2024, Zotye Automobile announced seven lawsuits with a large amount. Among them, the total amount of litigation cases involving the company and its subsidiaries as defendants is about 293 million yuan, and all seven cases have been heard in the first instance but have not been decided.

  On January 29th, Zotye Auto replied on the investor interaction platform that the number of shareholders of the company is 191,000 at present, and there is no major asset restructuring or acquisition joint venture plan.

How does the Ministry of Communications define a car ride?

  The purpose of the network car is to make a profit. Passengers propose a travel plan, calculate mileage, and charge by time. The ride is not for profit. The driver mainly proposes a travel plan and shares part of the travel expenses. Graphic production/Deng Ning

  On July 28th, two taxi industry reform documents, Guiding Opinions on Deepening Reform and Promoting the Healthy Development of Taxi Industry and Interim Measures for the Management of Online Booking Taxi Management Services, were released. Relevant persons of the Ministry of Transport re-interpreted the issues of concern to the audience, such as the implementation of local policies, the definition of network car and free ride, and fair competition of taxi network car. The relevant person in charge made it clear that the Ministry of Transport will guide local governments to formulate practical plans and set up a transition period for reform.

  On July 28th, two taxi industry reform documents &mdash; &mdash; "Guiding Opinions on Deepening Reform and Promoting the Healthy Development of Taxi Industry" and "Interim Measures for the Management of Online Booking Taxi Management Services" were issued, which aroused widespread concern. Yesterday, in the Voice of China special program "I am on duty today", Zeng Jia, deputy director of the taxi management office of the Transportation Service Department of the Ministry of Transport, elaborated on issues such as policy implementation, definition of carpooling, and competition and development of taxi network.

  Hotspot 1

  How do local policies land after the introduction of the New Deal?

  The Beijing Youth Daily reporter learned that the new regulations have a clear positioning for the development of taxis and the standardized operation of online car, but the specific implementation rules still need to be formulated and clarified by local governments. The interim measures are clear, and the new regulations will be implemented on November 1, 2016. All localities can formulate specific implementation rules according to these measures and local conditions.

  Zeng Jia, deputy director of the taxi management office of the Transport Services Department of the Ministry of Transport, said that there is a reason for delegating the specific rules of taxi management to the local authorities. Taxi management belongs to local power, and the reform adheres to the principle of territorial management, and the city government bears the main responsibility of management. Cities have different levels of economic and social development, such as traffic structure, population size, public transport level, and the number of taxis available, which can only be determined by the people’s governments of local cities according to their own actual conditions. There is no problem of delegating the power of price setting and quantity control to local governments, because this is the power of local cities, which requires local governments to adjust measures to local conditions and cities.

  The Ministry of Transport also made arrangements for the implementation of the policy. First, it held a video conference with relevant departments to mobilize the reform of the taxi industry and mobilized the reform work; Second, a training course will be held in the near future to publicize the main contents and spirit of the two documents to local management departments, clarify the operation methods of related issues in the documents, and work with local governments to promote the reform of the taxi industry; The third is to guide local governments to formulate practical plans and grasp the policy scale; The fourth is to guide local governments to do a good job in the transition plan for the transition period of reform.

  Hotspot 2

  What is the difference between a car and a ride?

  Zeng Jia believes that the network car is similar to a taxi, providing time and displacement services, which takes up road resources. However, hitchhiking makes full use of road and vehicle resources and does not increase the consumption of road resources, which is a typical way for urban transportation to reflect the sharing economy.

  What needs to be clear is that, first of all, the hitchhiking service provider generally releases the travel plan in advance, or the person who has the same travel route after the passenger releases it responds, rather than responding according to the passenger’s travel needs. Secondly, the ride reflects the goodwill and mutual assistance between people, which is obviously different from the network car operation. Finally, the ride is not for profit, and part of the travel cost is limited to fuel cost and traffic cost, rather than charging by mileage and timing.

  In addition, this reform document clearly defines the opinions of encouraging support, but all localities should formulate detailed policies in light of local actual conditions.

  Hotspot 3

  How to compete fairly between taxis and online cars?

  Zeng Jia believes that before the introduction of the policy, there were many reasons for the conflict between the old and new formats, and the lack of fair competition in the market environment was a very important reason.

  There are great differences between online car rental and traditional taxis in terms of access standards, price mechanism, vehicle safety, scrapping management, insurance system and tax payment. In particular, in order to seize the market, network platform companies seize the market through continuous huge subsidies, which in fact causes unfair competition between the two.

  Therefore, the interim measures for management have clearly defined the licensing conditions for the network car, and set licensing requirements for platforms, vehicles and personnel. At the same time, it is required not to hinder fair competition in the market, not to engage in unfair price behaviors that crowd out competitors or monopolize the market, disrupt the normal market order at a price lower than the cost, and harm the national interests or the legitimate rights and interests of other operators, and not to commit price violations. All these are aimed at forming a level playing field.

  Zeng Jia pointed out that in the long run, to solve the conflict between the two sides, it is still necessary to deepen the reform of traditional industries and standardize the development of online car rental as soon as possible to achieve healthy competition and coordinated development of the two formats. First, speed up the reform of traditional taxis, loosen the burden on traditional taxis, get rid of the disadvantages of the system and mechanism, and realize the transformation and upgrading of the traditional taxi industry by taking measures such as dynamic regulation of operation scale, restriction of taxi operation period and free use, reform of interest distribution mechanism, and adjustment of freight rate mechanism; Second, for the new format, by setting business boundaries, subdividing markets, providing high-quality services, realizing differentiated operations and gradually deepening integrated development.

  Beijing will formulate detailed rules in light of actual conditions.

  On July 28th, two new regulations on taxi reform at the national level, Guiding Opinions on Deepening Reform and Promoting the Healthy Development of Taxi Industry, and Interim Measures for the Management of Online Booking Taxi Management Services, were officially promulgated. Yesterday, the relevant person in charge of the Beijing Municipal Transportation Commission said that Beijing will resolutely implement the spirit of the two documents, seriously study and understand the requirements of the documents, and formulate relevant implementation opinions and detailed rules in light of Beijing’s reality.

  Yesterday, the relevant person in charge of the Transportation Administration Bureau of the Municipal Communications Commission introduced that the new regulations on taxi reform have an important guiding and standardizing role in the transformation and upgrading of the taxi industry in Beijing and promoting the healthy development of online taxis. Beijing will resolutely implement the spirit of the two documents, conscientiously study and understand the content requirements of the documents, formulate relevant implementation opinions and detailed rules in light of Beijing’s reality, promote integrated development, improve service levels, and meet the travel needs of the people.

  At present, there are no relevant documents for the development of online car. However, as far as carpooling is concerned, as early as 2013, the Municipal Transportation Commission issued the Opinions on Passenger Car Ride in Beijing, which made it clear that passenger car riding should follow the basic principles of giving priority to public welfare carpooling, voluntary mutual assistance among the people, safeguarding legitimate rights and interests, standardizing carpooling behavior and prohibiting illegal operation, so as to promote its healthy development.

  Six departments jointly talked about four online car companies.

  Yesterday morning, Beijing Youth Daily reporter learned from the Ministry of Transport that the Ministry of Transport, the Central Network Information Office, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Public Security, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the State Bureau for Letters and Calls and other departments have jointly talked about Didi, Uber, Shenzhou and Yizhi, and asked them to clean up unqualified vehicles and drivers in accordance with the new regulations.

  Liu Xiaoming, Vice Minister of the Ministry of Transport, said that the reform and development of the taxi industry is not only a livelihood issue, but also related to social stability. After the promulgation of the two documents on deepening the reform of the taxi industry, relevant enterprises should study carefully, strictly implement relevant regulations and rectify existing problems. It is required to strictly abide by relevant laws and regulations, especially in accordance with the requirements of the newly issued two documents on deepening the reform of the taxi industry, earnestly fulfill the main responsibility of enterprises and assume social responsibility, speed up the cleaning up of vehicles and drivers that do not meet the requirements, standardize market operation behavior, operate in good faith according to law, and seek long-term development.

  He particularly emphasized that relevant enterprises should keep their promises and keep their promises. After the transition period, relevant functional departments will jointly enforce the law, intensify the crackdown on illegal operations and other illegal activities, and maintain a good market order in the taxi industry; The platform company’s failure to implement relevant requirements, violation of laws and regulations and incitement to disturb social order will be dealt with according to law, and the relevant enterprises and their responsible persons will be seriously investigated for responsibility. If the circumstances are serious, the relevant qualifications will be banned.

  This group/reporter Liu Wei

The highest temperature in North China and other places today is above 35℃, or the hot weather will end the day after tomorrow.

  Cctv newsAccording to the website of the Central Meteorological Observatory, the high temperature and dry hot wind weather in Huanghuai, North China continued to develop. From 28th to 29th, the highest temperature in North China, Huanghuai, northern Jianghan and other places is generally above 35℃. Among them, the highest temperature in some areas of Beijing, southern Hebei, most of Henan, northern and western Shandong, northwestern Hubei and other places can reach 37 ~ 39℃ during the day on 28th. The Central Meteorological Observatory continued to issue a high-temperature yellow warning at 06: 00 on May 28. Affected by this, there will be mild to severe dry hot wind weather in parts of central and southern North China and northern Huanghuai. Affected by cold air, the high temperature range and intensity will be significantly reduced from the 30th, and the high temperature weather will end.

  There is strong precipitation in the eastern part of Hainan Island. Affected by the cloud system outside the tropical disturbance system, it is predicted that there will be moderate to heavy rain (25 ~ 40mm) in some parts of eastern Hainan Island from 28th to 29th, and some parts will be accompanied by strong convective weather such as short-term heavy precipitation.

  Future specific forecast

  From 08: 00 on the 28th to 08: 00 on the 29th, there were moderate rains and local heavy rains in parts of northern and southeastern Tibet, southern and eastern Qinghai, northwestern Heilongjiang, central Inner Mongolia, northern Hebei, western Yunnan, southern Sichuan and southeastern Hainan Island. There are 4 to 6 winds in most parts of Inner Mongolia, the western and northern parts of Northeast China, and the northern part of North China (see Figure 2).

  From 08: 00 on the 29th to 08: 00 on the 30th, there was moderate rain in parts of northwestern Heilongjiang, eastern Sichuan Plateau, southeastern Tibet, western Yunnan, eastern Hainan Island and eastern Taiwan Province. There are 4 ~ 5 winds in most parts of Inner Mongolia and parts of northern Heilongjiang (see Figure 3).

  From 08: 00 on the 30th to 08: 00 on the 31st, there was moderate rain in parts of Ili Valley in Xinjiang, western and southern Qinghai, central and eastern Tibet, southern Sichuan Plateau, central Chongqing and western Yunnan. There are 4 ~ 5 winds in parts of eastern Inner Mongolia and western Heilongjiang (see Figure 4).

  Influence and concern

  1. Pay attention to the adverse effects of high temperature weather in Huanghuai and other places in North China and dry hot wind weather in winter wheat areas.

  2. Pay attention to the adverse effects of strong convective weather such as local wind and hail in North China on agricultural production on 28th and 29th.

  3. Pay attention to the local heavy rainfall and its adverse effects in Hainan Island.

The meaning has changed for thousands of years. Where did New Year’s Day come from?

Beijing Daily Supplement | Author Zheng Xuefu
New Year’s Day is coming. Where does New Year’s Day come from? How did it enter people’s lives? New Year’s Day is called "three yuan" in ancient times, that is, the yuan of the year, the yuan of the month and the yuan of the time. It is also called Yuan Chun, Yuan Ri, Yuan Zheng, Yuan Chen and Yuan Shuo. For thousands of years, the meaning of New Year’s Day has changed several times.
Ancient New Year’s Day was the Lunar New Year.
New Year’s Day originated from the legend of Zhuan Xu, one of the three emperors and five emperors. In ancient times, there were four New Year’s days, namely, the first day of October, the first day of November, the first day of December and the first day of January.
The earliest calendars in China are the six ancient calendars of Huangdi, Zhuan Xu, Xia, Yin, Zhou and Lu, which are collectively called "Ancient Six Calendars". According to the calendar method, the twelve months of a year are Zi, Ugly, Yin, Mao, Chen, Si, Wu, Wei, Shen, You, Xu and Hai. The first month of each year is January, and the first day of each month is the first day. Before Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the first month of each dynasty was different. Huangdi calendar, Zhou calendar and Lu calendar all take Zi Yue as the first month, which is called Jian Zi Yue, which is now November of the lunar calendar, and the first day of November is New Year’s Day. Meng Chun was the first month in the Xia Dynasty, and New Year’s Day in the Xia Dynasty was the first day of the first lunar month. The Shang Dynasty used the Yin calendar, the first month of which was December of the lunar calendar, and the first day of December was New Year’s Day.
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the Emperor of Zhou was weak and weak, competing for hegemony, and the vassal States went their own way, no longer pursuing the exact date of the Zhou Dynasty, so the time of New Year’s Day was different. After Qin Shihuang unified the world, he also unified the calendar and promoted the Zhuan Xu calendar, with October as the first month and the first day of October as New Year’s Day.
After the establishment of the Han Dynasty, Emperor Gaozu followed the Qin calendar, but with the development of agricultural production, it became more and more uncomfortable with the common spring, summer, autumn and winter. In 104 BC, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty promulgated and implemented the taichu calendar, and changed this year to the first year of Tai Chu, officially confirming the first day of the first month in the summer calendar as New Year’s Day. In the following two thousand years, although several emperors have changed the calendar to the beginning of the year (such as Wang Mang’s stipulation that the first day of December is the beginning of the year), the summer calendar has been used as a whole. Therefore, the lunar calendar we are using now is also called the "summer calendar".
New Year’s Day in ancient times was not the present New Year’s Day, but the Lunar New Year. Wu Zimu’s "Dream Liang Lu" said: "The first month of the first month is called New Year’s Day, and the custom is called New Year’s Day. One-year-old festival, this is the first. " On New Year’s Day, the emperor will hold a grand ceremony to celebrate the new year and offer sacrifices to his ancestors and gods. The emperor will lead a group of princes and ministers to celebrate the Empress Dowager Palace to express his filial piety and blessings. And the courtiers should also pay homage to the emperor to congratulate New Year’s Day.
In the Qin Dynasty, officials had a "leave" system on New Year’s Day, in the Han Dynasty, there was a "rest" system, and in the Tang Dynasty, officials had a seven-day holiday on New Year’s Day, which became a legal system. Folk customs such as setting off firecrackers, hanging peach symbols, worshipping gods and ancestors, praying for evil spirits, reuniting relatives and giving gifts to celebrate the New Year have been formed. In the Song Dynasty, people were allowed to entertain freely on New Year’s Day, and gambling was banned for three days. "Tokyo Dream of China Record" said: "Scholars have been celebrating each other since early. Fang Xiang uses food, animals, fruits, firewood and the like, and the song is called Guanpu. For example, Maxing Street, Panlou Street, outside Dongsongmen, outside Xiliangmen, outside Fengqiu Gate in the north of the state, and in the south of the state, all of them are covered with colored sheds, with combs, pearls, heads, clothes, flowers, boots and shoes, and playing well. There are dance halls and song halls, and cars and horses meet each other. "
During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, New Year’s Day in Beijing was even more lively. "Yanjing Years Old" describes: "Jingshi calls New Year’s Day the first day of the New Year’s Day. On the first day of each session, after the beginning of the child, incense and firecrackers are burned to pay tribute, and even the alleys are endless. "
Debate between "New Year’s Day" and "Spring Festival"
In 1911, the Revolution of 1911 overthrew the Qing government and ended the feudal monarchy for more than two thousand years. On January 1, the following year, Sun Yat-sen was sworn in as interim president, and the government of the Republic of China was established. On January 2nd, Dr. Sun Yat-sen issued "The Temporary President changed the calendar to switch to the yuan to switch on electricity": "Provincial governors: The Republic of China changed to the solar calendar, with November 13th, the year of the Yellow Emperor, as the New Year’s Day of the first year of the Republic of China. It was decided by the provincial delegations and promulgated by this president. " On January l3, the Interim President issued the Decree on Promulgating the Almanac, ordering the Ministry of Internal Affairs to compile a new almanac. The government stipulates that from January 1 to 3, military and political departments, judicial organs, schools and local governments will have a three-day holiday.
Around the New Year in 1924
On January 1, 1913, when the first New Year’s Day came, the governments at all levels in the Republic of China held a celebration, and the party and government officials gathered to sum up the work in the past year and look forward to the prospect of the new year. Major primary and secondary schools have carefully prepared the New Year’s Day entertainment several days in advance, with rich programs and enthusiastic participation of teachers, students and government employees.
At that time, China was in a fragmented warlord regime, the ruling power of the government of the Republic of China was very limited, and the traditional customs were deeply rooted, so it was impossible to abolish them by a telegram. The people went their own way, and it was not until the twelfth lunar month that they began to have a "busy year" and had a taste of the year. In July of this year, in view of the phenomenon that the Lunar New Year was "repeatedly forbidden" among the people, Zhu Qiqian, the chief interior officer of Beiyang Government, submitted a report on the four seasons holiday to President Yuan Shikai, and put forward an application for "designating Lunar New Year’s Day as the Spring Festival" and allowed a day off. Yuan Shikai agreed to this request and implemented it in 1914. So the "New Year’s Day", which has been passed down for thousands of years, was officially renamed as "Spring Festival". Since then, there have been two New Years in China. At that time, New Year’s Day was called "New Year of the Republic of China" and Spring Festival was called "National New Year". After a period of time, the official just finished the "Gregorian Year", and the people ushered in the "Lunar Year", and the government and the people lived their own years.
On January 26th, 1914, China ushered in the first Spring Festival in history. People celebrated the New Year in accordance with traditional customs, and the atmosphere was particularly lively. At that time, the newspaper reported: "Every firecracker, every household, and all shopping malls, big and small, were closed for a few days, bustling, celebrating each other when they met people, and all said auspicious stories." Even Emperor Xuantong, who had abdicated, rose to the temple to be congratulated, and Yuan Shikai and Li Yuanhong also sent representatives to pay their respects.
In 1927, the National Government made Nanjing its capital. In May of the following year, Minister of the Interior Xue Dubi drafted "Eight Measures for Popularizing the National Calendar", which designated the solar calendar as "the national calendar" and the lunar calendar as "the abolition of the calendar". "For the festivals of the old calendar, no holidays are allowed." On December 8, the Executive Committee of the Kuomintang Central Committee ordered party departments and mass organizations at all levels to abolish the old calendar, and prohibited all folk activities such as posting Spring Festival couplets and setting off fireworks and firecrackers. It also prohibited shops from closing, not only severely punishing school leaders who had a holiday in the old calendar, but also punishing businessmen who closed their doors and went home for the New Year. Before the Spring Festival in 1929, the Shandong provincial government even issued a general order to "ban the Spring Festival".
Around the New Year in 1924
On the eve of New Year’s Day in 1930, the Kuomintang Central Party Department printed 8,000 copies of Spring Festival couplets and distributed them to the public for posting, and announced that "all entertainment places in the city are half price" to encourage people to celebrate New Year’s Day. In December of that year, the Executive Yuan of the National Government informed the national organs to have a five-day holiday on New Year’s Day. In 1933, the national government also ordered all walks of life to change the New Year’s Day holiday to three days. Since then, a three-day holiday on New Year’s Day has become a practice and system. In 1934, the government stopped the compulsory abolition of the lunar calendar, demanding that "folk customs should not interfere too much with the old calendar, except for public offices."
The first New Year’s Day in New China
On September 27th, 1949, the first plenary session of the China People’s Political Consultative Conference decided that People’s Republic of China (PRC) would adopt the method of AD chronology. In order to distinguish the two New Year’s days, and considering that the "beginning of spring" in the 24 solar terms of the lunar calendar is just around the lunar new year, the first day of January in the lunar calendar is called "Spring Festival" and the first day of January in the solar calendar is designated as "New Year’s Day". On December 23, the State Council passed the "Measures for Holidays on National New Year’s Day and Memorial Day", stipulating that there will be one holiday on New Year’s Day and three holidays on Spring Festival. New Year’s Day is listed as a statutory holiday and has become a national holiday.
January 1st, 1950 is the first New Year’s Day in New China. On December 31, 1949, People’s Daily reported that all parts of the country were actively preparing for cultural and entertainment activities in the New Year. On January 2, 1950, all walks of life in the capital would hold a people’s party in the whole city, and the Beijing opera industry would hold a New Year performance week, and more than 20 theaters and tea houses in the city would stage new programs. Tianjin Federation of Trade Unions and literary and art circles will hold a military-civilian get-together, a painting and calligraphy exhibition, a concert and a new drama in the New Year. The Shanghai Military Management Committee has informed all organs and organizations to hold get-togethers on New Year holidays to celebrate the victory and publicize the new tasks in 1950. Various organs, organizations and schools in Guangzhou will hold a whole-city mass worship in the New Year. The report said: "People all over the country celebrated the great victory in 1949 and welcomed the arrival of 1950 with great joy and firm determination to overcome all difficulties."
On the evening of December 31st, 1949, various democratic parties in China held a grand get-together in Huairentang, Zhongnanhai. With the coming of the New Year, people hold colorful celebrations such as New Year parties, group meetings, singing competitions, lectures, sports competitions and exhibitions with excitement. On January 3, 1950, Progress Daily reported on the topic "Celebrating the New Year in Beijing and Tianjin": "Since New Year’s Day, Beijing people, men, women and children have been celebrating the victory of the New Year, and red flags and red lights have been hung in the streets. All theaters are also full of people, especially those places where new films such as michurin and Chinese Sons and Sons are shown and new operas such as Nine Clothes and The Red Lady are sung. The audience is unprecedentedly crowded, mostly working people and housewives. People who visit the Forbidden City, the ancestral temple and the history museum are in an endless stream from morning till night. " "More than 1 million citizens in Tianjin celebrated the victory of the New Year. It snows on New Year’s Eve and clears up on New Year’s Day afternoon. All government offices, factories, shops and entertainment places are decorated with lanterns, with national flags hanging high, and a dazzling red light is full of joy. Firecrackers are ringing from morning till dusk, and they can be heard intermittently after midnight. "
A unified start, Vientiane update.
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